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Ch. 1 Government and Political Culture -- Concepts Of Statecraft: Monarchies And Empires -- State Power And Absolutist Monarchies -- Absolutism and the French State -- The Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia -- The Habsburg Monarchy -- Russia -- Southern Europe -- States In Decline And Transition -- Northern Europe: The Decline of Sweden and Poland -- The Ottoman Empire -- British Politics And Government -- British Politics at the Accession of George III -- The British State and Public Finance -- Conclusion -- ch. 2 Warfare, Diplomacy, and International Competition -- War And Peace In Eighteenth-Century Europe: Relations Among States -- The Peace of Utrecht -- King George's Wars -- The Great War for Empire: The Seven Years War -- The First Partition of Poland and Eastern European Rivalries -- The Culture and Practice of Diplomacy -- Military, State, And Society In Eighteenth-Century Europe -- Military Life -- Strategy, Tactics, and Technology -- ch. 3 The Social Order -- Rural Society -- Lords and Serfs in Eastern and Central Europe -- Seigneurs and Peasants in Western Europe -- Rural Communities -- Agrarian Reform: Failure of an Era -- An Age Of Aristocracy -- The Spectrum of Noble Elites -- The English Upper Class: Aristocracy and Gentry -- The Nobility and the State -- Urban Society -- Urban Elites -- The Worlds of Work -- ch. 4 Demographic and Economic Change -- Population Growth -- Historical Demography -- The Death Rate -- Health and Nutrition -- Marriage Patterns and Birthrates -- The Beginnings of Contraception -- Economic Growth -- Sustained Growth -- Money and Credit -- The Global Economy -- The Atlantic Slave Trade and Plantation Slavery -- The Beginnings Of Structural Change In England -- The Agricultural Revolution -- The Beginnings of Industrialization -- ch. 5 Poverty and Public Order -- The Struggle Against Poverty -- The Family Economy -- From Poverty to Indigence -- The Indigent and the State on the Continent -- The English Poor Laws -- Unwanted Children -- Crime And Punishment -- Judicial Mechanisms -- Torture and Punishment -- Criminality -- Poaching and the Game Laws -- Rights and Riots -- ch. 6 The Enlightenment -- The Philosophes And The Enlightenment As A Movement -- The Encyclopedie and Enlightenment Thought -- The Encyclopedie: Publication and Resistance -- Enlightenment Themes: Reason, Nature, And Religion -- Deism and Empiricism -- The Enlightenment and the Wider World -- The Moral Basis of Enlightenment Political Theory: Montesquieu -- The Enemy of Infamy: Voltaire -- Rousseau: Morality, Nature, and Sentiment -- Women, Gender, and Morality -- Mary Wollstonecraft and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman -- Economic Man -- Economic Theory: Luxury and Commerce -- Physiocracy and Laissez Faire -- Adam Smith: The Social Value of Labor -- Other Enlightenments -- Materialism: Radical or Utilitarian Enlightenment? -- Idealism: The German Enlightenment -- ch. 7 Living the Enlightenment: The Public Sphere -- The Ideal Of Public And Forms Of Public Space -- Salons, Literary Gatherings, and Coffee Houses -- Scientific and Literary Academies -- Enlightenment Science and Colonial Society -- Secondary and Higher Educational Institutions -- Legal and Medical Education: The Persistence of Tradition -- Freemasonry -- Varieties Of Cultural Expression -- Public Theater and Theater Publics -- The Transformation of Playwriting -- Art and Music -- Popular Culture -- The Uses Of Print: Diffusion And Resistance -- Literacy, Religion, and Primary Education -- A Reading Revolution? -- Authorship -- Printing and the Book Trade in England and France -- The Public Sphere and Repression Elsewhere in Europe -- Conclusion -- ch. 8 Churches and Religious Life -- Religious Diversity, Toleration, And Intolerance -- The Catholic Church In Eighteenth-Century Europe -- The Gallican Church: Catholicism in France -- Challenges to the Gallican Church in France -- Catholic Popular Piety -- Protestantism In Revival -- Pietism in Prussia -- Pietism in the Habsburg Empire -- English Methodism -- Popular Intolerance in England -- Female Pietists and Methodists -- Judaism And Islam In Eighteenth-Century Europe -- Judaism -- Image and Reality of Islam -- Religious Belief, Reform, And The Abolition Of The Slave Trade -- ch. 9 Toward an Age of Democratic Revolution? -- Cracks In The Old Order -- The Second Partition of Poland -- The Pugachev Rebellion in Russia -- The Patriot Revolution in the Netherlands -- The Turn To Democratic Revolution -- Crowds and Reformers in England -- Colonial Rebellion in America -- The Coming Of The French Revolution, 1774-1789 -- Social Tensions -- Cultural Origins of the French Revolution -- The Failure of Reform -- The Pre-Revolution, 1787-1789 -- Popular Unrest and the Convergence of Revolutions.