The bio-proliferation puzzle -- The acquisition and use of specialized knowledge -- Impediments and facilitators of bioweapons developments: organization -- Management and exogenous factors -- The American bioweapons program: scientific progress, operational failure -- The Soviet bioweapons program: failed integration -- Small bioweapons programs and the constraints of covertness -- Preventing bioweapons developments: policy implications -- American bioweapons program: contractors -- American bioweapons program: approximate budget figures.