Basic moral concepts -- The aims of a moral theory -- The role of moral principles in a moral theory -- The structure of a moral theory -- Brief summary -- How to evaluate a moral theory -- Preview -- The myth of Gyges / Plato -- Egoisms / David W. Shoemaker -- Morality is based on God's commands / Robert C. Mortimer -- Does morality depend on God's commands? / Mark Timmons -- A defense of ethical relativism / Ruth Benedict -- The challenge of cultural relativism / James Rachels -- Treatise on law / St. Thomas Aquinas -- The ethics of natural law / C.E. Harris -- The doctrine of double effect / Philippa Foot -- Problems for natural law theory / Emmett Barcalow -- The principle of utility / Jeremy Bentham -- In defense of utilitarianism / J.S. Mill -- Utilitarianism: act or rule? / Stephen Darwall -- Rule-consequentialism / Brad Hooker -- The moral law of autonomy of the will / Immanuel Kant -- Kant's principle of universal law / Joshua Glasgow -- Kant on treating people as ends in themselves / Onora O'Neill -- On treating people as ends in themselves: A critique of Kant / Fred Feldman -- Virtue and character / Aristotle -- Normative virtue ethics / Rosalind Hursthouse -- A virtue ethical account of right action / Christine Swanton -- Virtue and right / Robert N. Johnson -- Moral orientation and moral development / Carol Gilligan -- An ethic of caring / Nel Noddings -- Caring and evil / Claudia Card -- Care ethics and virtue ethics / Raja Halwani -- Moral choice without principles / Jean-Paul Sartre -- What makes right acts right? / W.D. Ross -- Principles or particularism? / David McNaughton -- Moral particularism: wrong and bad / Brad Hooker.